INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: THE REPRESENTATIVENESS AND POTENTIAL FOR IMPACT

The purpose of the study is to compare the role of the G7, the G20 and BRICS in the global governance system on the basis of an assessment of the representativeness and potential impact of these informal associations on the rest of the world on the basis of a comparative analysis of a number of socio-economic indicators of participating countries. The relevance of the research is related to the fact that these institutions represent a certain counterbalance to the leading formal universal international organizations, functioning on a permanent basis, primarily the UN. Based on a two-tier economic consolidation assessment of considered multilateral institutions participants and their respective macro-regions, the authorы came to the following conclusions: the «Group of Seven» and «Group of Twenty» have a higher potential for implementation of joint economic projects and initiatives because of a higher level of their economic consolidation based on bilateral trade; the analysis of economic connectivity of macro-regions the countries participating at global leading informal associations belong to showed a low level of effective potential for joint projects realization for most of them. It means that the multilateral institutions of highest level are capable to provide better common coordinated solutions to the problems of insiders, and not those of outsiders; the G7 members consolidate four of the five macroregions to which they belong, while among thirteen macroregions G20 members belongs to there is only one additional consolidated entity which is Southeast Asia. Thus, a threefold increase in the number of the G20 participants does not enlarge the effective geography of the G20 impact on the rest of the world; even though the BRICS group has the reduced potential for effective implementation of joint participant initiatives because of low level of consolidation union members lesser than 10%, and only China belongs to the economically connected macro-region - East Asia; Brazil, Russia and South Africa are included in the potentially prospective regions with a level of connectivity more than 15%.

1. Astahov, E.M. BRIKS: perspektivy razvitija (BRICS: Developmental Prospects) // Vestnik MGIMO Universiteta. 2016, No. 1 (46), pp. 42-50.

2. Bénassy-Quéré, A.; Kumar, R.; Pisani-Ferry, J. The G20 is not Just a G7 with Extra Chairs, La Lettre du CEPII, CEPII Research Center, 2009, Iss. 292.

3. Cheng, H.F.; Gutierrez, M.; Mahajan, A.; Shachmurove, Y.; Sharokhi, M. A Future Global Economy to be Built by BRICs // Global Finance Journal, 2007, Vol. 18, pp. 143-156.

4. Cheng, J.Y.S. China’s Approach to BRICS // Journal of Contemporary China, 2015, Vol.24 (92), pp. 357-375.

5. Chukov, R.S. Perspektivy global’noj institucionalizacii v mirovoj politike: primer G7 i G20 (Prospects for the Global Institutionalization of World Politics: the Example of the G7 and the G20) // Nauchnoe obozrenie. Serija 2: Gumanitarnye nauki, 2015, No. 5, pp. 21-25.

6. Engelbrekt, K. Mission Creep? The Nontraditional Security Agenda of the G7/8 and the Nascent Role of the G-20 // Global Governance, 2015, Vol. 21 (4), pp. 537-556.

7. Frieden, J.A. Macroeconomic Rebalancing in China and the G20 // China & World Economy, 2016, Vol. 24 (4), pp. 15-33.

8. Giakaglini, F.D.V. Perspektivy razvitija BRIKS posle sammita v Fortaleze: politiko-jekonomicheskoe polozhenie stran-uchastnic (Prospects for the Development after the BRICS Fortaleza’s Summit: Political and Economic Situation in the Member Countries) // Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. Jelektronnyj Vestnik, 2014, No. 46, pp. 226-258.

9. Jacobs, L.M.; Van Rossem, R. The BRIC Phantom: A Comparative Analysis of the BRICs as a Category of Rising Powers // Journal of Policy Modeling, 2014, Vol. 37, pp.47-66.

10. Kirton, J. Canadian Foreign Policy in a Changing World. Thompson Nelson, 2007. 562 p.

11. Koldunova, E.V. Rol’ stran BRIKS v global’nom upravlenii (The Role of the BRICS in the Global Governance) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2014, Vol. 5. No. 1 (14), pp. 60-64.

12. Larionova M.V. Ocenka jeffektivnosti vzaimodejstvija mezhdunarodnyh institutov v processe global’nogo upravlenija (Evaluation of the Effi ciency of Interaction of International Institutions in the Process of Global Governance) // Vestnik mezhdunarodnyh organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaja jekonomika, 2016, Vol. 11 (1), pp. 126-152.

13. Larionova, M.V.; Rahmangulov, M.R.; Shelepov, A.V. Chto vlijaet na ispolnenie objazatel’stv «Gruppy dvadcati» i BRIKS: sravnitel’nyj analiz (What Affects the Performance Obligations taken by “Group of Twenty” and the BRICS: A Comparative Analysis) // Vestnik mezhdunarodnyh organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaja jekonomika, 2016, Vol. 11 (3), pp. 99-131.

14. Leksjutina, Ja.V. Rol’ BRIKS v stimulirovanii paradigmal’nogo sdviga v global’nom jekonomicheskom upravlenii (The Role of the BRICS in Stimulating the Paradigm Shift in Global Economic Governance) // Politicheskaja jekspertiza: POLITEKS, 2014, Vol. 10 (1), pp. 113-125.

15. Mielniczuk, F. BRICS in the Contemporary World: Changing Identities, Converging Interests // Third World Quarterly, 2013, No. 34, pp. 6, 1075-1090.

16. Panova, V.V. O pol’ze «klubnyh mehanizmov»: Gruppa semi i BRIKS v sravnitel’noj perspektive (The Benefi ts of “Club Arrangements”: The Group of Seven and the BRICS

17. in a Comparative Perspective) // Mezhdunarodnye processy, 2012, Vol. 10 (29), pp. 101-109.

18. Radulescua, I.G.; Panaita, M.; Voicab, C. BRICS Countries Challenge to the World Economy New Trends / Procedia Economics and Finance 1st International Conference ‘Economic Scientifi c Research – Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches’, ESPERA, 2014, Vol. 8, pp. 605-613.

19. Revizorskij, M. «Gruppa semi/vos’mi» – «Gruppa dvadcati» – BRIKS: novaja triada v global’nom upravlenii? (“Group of Seven / Eight” – “Group of Twenty” – the BRICS: New Triad in Global Governance?) // Vestnik mezhdunarodnyh organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaja jekonomika, 2015, Vol. 10 (4), pp. 29-48.

20. Robinson, W. The Transnational State and the BRICS: a Global Capitalism Perspective // Third World Quarterly, 2015, No. 36:1, pp 1-21.

21. Robinson, W.I. The Transnational State and the BRICS: a Global Capitalism Perspective // Third World Quarterly, 2015, Vol. 36 (1), pp. 1-21.

22. Sidorova, E.A. Integracionno-investicionnyj potencial BRIKS (The BRICS Integration and Investment Potential) // Mir jekonomiki i upravlenija, 2016, Vol. 16 (2), pp. 111-122.

23. Sin, L. Usilenie roli G20: transformacija mirovogo porjadka i vneshnjaja politika Kitaja (Strengthening the Role of the G20: The Transformation of the World Order and China’s Foreign Policy) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2012, Vol. 3. No. 1 (7), pp. 23-27.

24. Sloan, J. The Strategy of Developmental Regionalism: Benefi ts, Distribution, Obstacles, and Capabilities // Journal of Common Market Studies, 1971, Vol.10, Iss.2, pp. 138-162.

25. Stuenkel, O. The G7 and BRICS in the Post-Crimea World Order // Russia in Global Affairs, 2015, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 128-138.

26. Teker, S.; Yuksel, A.H. G20: On Behalf of the Rest? Procedia Economics and Finance 38 – Istanbul Conference of Economics and Finance, ICEF 2015, 22-23 October 2015, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 219-223.

27. Thakur, R. How Representative are BRICS? // Third World Quarterly, 2014, No. 35, pp. 1791-1808.

28. Toloraja, G.D.; Chukov, R.S. Rasschityvat’ li na BRIKS? (Should We Trust in the BRICS?) // Vestnik mezhdunarodnyh organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaja jekonomika, 2016,Vol. 11 (2), pp. 97-112.

29. Trivedi, R. Netradicionnye ugrozy bezopasnosti v Central’noj Azii s tochki zrenija sravnitel’noe regional’noj perspektivy (Non-traditional Security Threats in Central Asia from the Point of View of a Comparative Regional Perspective) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2012, Vol. 2. No. 4 (6), pp. 109-123.

30. Vines, D. Cooperation between Countries to Ensure Global Economic Growth: a Role for the G20? // Asian-Pacifi c Economic Literature, 2015, Vol.29, Iss.1, pp. 1-24.

31. Vinogradov, A.V. Dialogovyj format BRIKS i ego rol’ v stanovlenii mnogopoljarnogo mira (The Interactive Format of BRICS and its Role in the Multipolar World Formation) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2014, Vol. 5. № 1 (14). pp. 47-52.

32. Voskressenski, A.D. Koncepcii regionalizacii, regional’nyh podsistem, regional’nyh kompleksov i regional’nyh transformacij v sovremennyh mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenijah (Concepts of Regionalization, Regional Subsystems, Regional Systems and Regional Transformations in Contemporary International Relations) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2012, Vol. 3. No. 2 (8), pp. 30-58.

33. Wilson, J.D. Resource Powers? Minerals, Energy and the Rise of the BRICS // Third World Quarterly, 2015, Vol. 36 (2), pp. 223-239.

34. Zevin, L.Z. Megaregiony v globalizirujushhemsja hozjajstve (Mega-regions in a Globalized Economy) // Mirovaja jekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, 2016, Vol. 60 (8), pp. 26-33.