ЭЛИТЫ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ МЕНЬШИНСТВ В ПОСТКОММУНИСТИЧЕСКИХ СТРАНАХ: СЛУЧАЙ ЭСТОНИИ
https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2012-3-3(9)-99-125
Аннотация
Целью статьи является изучение моделей единства и фрагментации элит этнических меньшинств и их влияние на демократические процессы. В статье делается попытка проанализировать причины, по которым «голос» нетитульных элит не слышен в эстонской политике.
Список литературы
1. Dahl R. On Democracy. New Haven and London : Yale University Press, 1999.
2. Pettai V. Estonia and Latvia // Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe / ed. by J. Zielonka, A. Pravda. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 265.
3. Kalev L., Ruutsoo R. Citizenship policies between Nation-state building and Globalization: Attitudes of the decision Makers in Estonia // Studies of Transition States and Societies. 2009. № 1.
4. Lauristin M., Heidmets M. Learning from the Estonian case // The Challenge of the Russian Minority, Emerging Multicultural Democracy in Estonia / ed. by M. Lauristin, M. Heidments. Tartu : Tartu University press, 2002. P. 322, 327.
5. Higley J., Lengyel G. Elites After State Socialism.Theories and analysis, N.Y.Oxford : Rowman and Litttlefield, 2000. P. 40.
6. Higley J., Burton M. The Elite Variable in Democratic Transitions and Breakdowns // American Sociological Review. 1989. № 9 ; Higley J., Lengyel G. Elites After State Socialism.Theories and analysis. N.Y.Oxford : Rowman and Litttlefield, 2000.
7. Higley J., Lengyel G. Elites After State Socialism. Theories and analysis. N.Y.Oxford : Rowman and Litttlefield, 2000. P. 7.
8. Best H. Changes in European Representative Elites // Elites: New Comparative Perspectives / ed. by M. Sasaki. Leiden, Boston : Brill, 2008. P. 73.
9. Ruostetsaari I. Nordic Elites in Comparartive Perspective // Elites. New Comparative Perspectives. Leiden, Boston : Brill, 2008. P. 145–146.
10. Vihalemm T. Crystallizing and Emancipating Identities in Post-Communist Estonia // Identities, nations, and politics after Communism / ed. by R.E. Kanet. N.Y. : Routledge, 2008. P. 77.
11. Agarin T. A Cats Lick. Democratization and Minority Communities in the Post-Soviet Baltic. Amsterdam, N.Y. : Rodopi, 2010. P. 270, 273.
12. Highley J., Burton M. Elite Foundations of Liberal Democracy. Boulder : Rowman and Litttlefield, 2006 ; Steen A. Between Past and Future: Elites, Democracy and the State in Postcommunist Countries. A Comparison of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. Farnham : Ashgate, 1997 ; Parry G. Political Elites. Colchester : ECPR Press, 2005.
13. Zepa B. Integration Policies in Latvia: Acquisition and Failures // National Integration and Formation of Multi-Ethnic Society: Experiences in Estonia and Latvia after EU enlargement / ed. by Nobuya Hashimoto, Hiromi Komori. Nishinomiya, Japan : Kwansei Gakuin University, 2009. P. 28.
14. Burton M., Higley J. Political crises and elite settlements // Elites, Crises and the Origins of Regimes / ed. by M. Dogan, J. Higley. Oxford : Rowman and Litttlefield, 1998.
15. Tsilevich B. New democracies in the Old World: Remarks on Will Kymlicka`s Approach to Nation Building in post-Communist Europe // Western Political Theory and Ethnic relations in Eastern Europe. Can liberal pluralism be exported: Western Political Theory and Ethic relations in Eastern Europe / ed. by W. Kymlica, M. Opalski. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001. P. 157.
16. Highley J., Burton M. The Study of Political Elite Transformations // International Review of Sociology. 2001. № 2. P. 181–200.
17. Kruusvall J., Vetik R., Berry J. The Strategies of Interethnic adaptation of Estonian Russians // Studies of Transition and Societies. 2009. № 1. P. 14.
18. Schulze J., Petersoo P. Interview Analysis: Media, NGO,s and Opinion Leaders. 2009 (unpublished). P. 12.
19. Hallik, Klara Kodakondsus ja Poliitiline Kaasatus // Monitooring (research findings). Tallinn : Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, 2005. P. 83 ; см. Приложение IV.
20. Dahl R. Democracy and its critics. New Haven and London : Yale university press, 1989. P. 221.
21. Pateman C. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University press, 1970.
22. Schumpeter J.A. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. London : Allen and Unwin, 1943.
23. A new balance: Democracy and Minorities in Post-Communist Europe / ed. by M. Robotin, L. Salat. Budapest : LGI books, Open Society Institute, 2003. P. 29.
24. Kymlica W. Western Political Theory and Ethnic relations in Eastern Europe // Can liberal pluralism be exported: Western Political Theory and Ethic relations in Eastern Europe / ed. by W. Kymlica, M. Opalski. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001. P. 79.
25. Vetik R. Ten years of Integration policies and processes in Estonia // National Integration and Formation of Multi-Ethnic Society: Experiences in Estonia and Latvia after EU enlargement / ed. by Nobuya Hashimoto, Hiromi Komori. Nishinomiya, Japan : Kwansei Gakuin University, 2009. P. 8.
26. Kruusvall J.,Vetik R., Berry J. The Strategies of Interethnic adaptation of Estonian Russians // Studies of Transition and Societies. 2009. № 1. P. 15.
27. Schulze J. Understanding the “Conditionality Gap” in Estonia and Latvia The Influence of EU Conditionality and Russia’s Activism on Minority Inclusion. PhD thesis. Washington : George Washington University, 2009. P. 284, 304.
28. Kruusvall J. Hinnang Lõimunise Edukusele,Tulevikuohud ja Tõrjuva Suhtumise Ilmingud // Monitooring 2005 (research findings). Tallinn : Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, 2005. P. 43, 44.
29. Putnam R. Making Democracy work. Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NY : Princeton University press, 1993.
30. Almond G., Verba S. The Civic Culture. Boston : Little Brown, 1965.
31. Diamond L. Developing democracy. Toward Consolidation. Baltimore : John Hopkins University press, 1999. P. 207.
32. Aström L. Local Elites support for Democracy in the Baltic states. Örebro University, unpublished. 2001. P. 3.
33. Dalton R.J. Democratic Challenges. Democratic Choices. The Erosion of Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford : Oxford Un.Press, 2004. P. 1.
34. Almond G., Verba S. The Civic Culture. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1963 ; Dahl R. Polyarchy; participation and opposition. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1971 ; Dahl R. On Democracy. New Haven and London : Yale University Press, 1999 ; Inglehart R. Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1990.
35. Steen A. Recirculation and Expulsion: The New Elites in the Baltic States, working paper, forsningsnotat. Oslo University, 1994. P. 5.
36. Laagerpetz M. From NGO,s to Civil society: A Learning process // Non-Profit Sector and the Consolidation of Democracy. Studies on development of Civil society in Estonia / ed. by M. Laagepetz, A. Trummal, R. Ruutsoo, E. Rikmann. Tallinn : Kunst, 2004. P. 68 ; Agarin T. A Cats Lick. Democratization and Minority Communities in the Post-Soviet Baltic. Amsterdam, N.Y. : Rodopi, 2010. P. 287.
37. Monitooring 2010. URL: http://www.slideshare.net/kultuuriministeerium/limumiskava-monitooring
38. Schulze J., Petersoo P. Interview Analysis: Media, NGO,s and Opinion Leaders. 2009 (unpublished).
39. Carens J.H. Citizenship in multicultural Societies // International seminar on Democracy, Multiculturalism and Armed Forces: “The Challenges to Human Security”. La Paz, Bolivia, March 2004. P. 4.
40. Ellis S.G., Halfdanarson G., Isaacs A.K. Citizenship in historical perspective. Pisa : Edizioni Plus, 2006.
41. The politics of Reconciliation in Multicultural societies / ed. by W. Kymlica, B. Bashir. Oxford : Oxford University press, 2008. P. 11.
42. Kalev L., Ruutsoo R. Citizenship policies between Nation-state building and Globalization: Attitudes of the decision Makers in Estonia // Studies of Transition States and Societies. 2009. № 1. P. 6, 8.
43. Schulze J. Understanding the “Conditionality Gap” in Estonia and Latvia The Influence of EU Conditionality and Russia’s Activism on Minority Inclusion. PhD thesis. Washington : George Washington University, 2009. P. 289.
44. Ibid. P. 285.
45. Parry G. Political Elites. Colchester: ECPR Press, 2005.
46. See Schulze J. Understanding the “Conditionality Gap” in Estonia and Latvia The Influence of EU Conditionality and Russia’s Activism on Minority Inclusion. PhD thesis. Washington : George Washington University, 2009. P. 272.
47. A New Balance: Democracy and Minorities in Post-Communist Europe / ed. by M. Robotin, L. Salat. Budapest : LGI books, Open Society Institute, 2003. P. 28.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Руус Ю. ЭЛИТЫ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ МЕНЬШИНСТВ В ПОСТКОММУНИСТИЧЕСКИХ СТРАНАХ: СЛУЧАЙ ЭСТОНИИ. Сравнительная политика. 2012;3(3(9)):99-125. https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2012-3-3(9)-99-125
For citation:
Ruus J. ETHNIC MINORITY ELITES IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTIRES: THE CASE OF ESTONIA. Comparative Politics Russia. 2012;3(3(9)):99-125. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2012-3-3(9)-99-125
Просмотров:
770
Послать статью по эл. почте 
