SOCIAL AND HUMANISTIC ORIENTATION IN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES OF RUSSIA AND GERMANY: COMPARATIVE POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

The aim of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of national security strategies of Russia and Germany based on the universal human values they contain, excluding geopolitical and military aspects. The choice of the strategies of the two states is conditioned by the existence of common legal, cultural and historical traditions. The article explores the evolution of the “national security” notion which content has expanded both at the normative and scientific levels due to the appearance of new threats and dangers. The authors prove that the basis underlying the national security strategies of the two countries includes not only external policy interests but also rights and freedoms of a person and citizen. Moreover, the strategies also focus on eliminating and leveling threats by ensuring internal and external security as an integral whole and not by means of global security. In both strategies: the human rights, a person and society are in the first place; their humanistic and social orientation is visible; provision of the third and fourth rights of the generations of the mankind is reflected in the normative documents regarding national security; the presence of collectivism features in the mentality of both nations is reflected in the participation of civil society institutions in ensuring national security. Differences in the national security strategies of Russia and Germany are conditioned by different levels of social and economic development. Thus, a major emphasis in the Russian strategy is made on solving social, economic and cultural tasks. The authors prove that the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation focuses on improving the quality of life criteria to the world standards and on internal threats. This is predetermined by the fact that human rights and freedoms have not become firmly established as the highest value in the mindset and mentality of all social groups, when it is enough to have a statement regarding them in the Constitution or other law.

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