IMPACT OF CIVILIZATIONAL SPECIFICS OF THE BIGGEST COUNTRIES ON THEIR SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to civilizational factors of the largest Asian states, which attract much academic attention around the world, India and China, and the infl uence of these factors and their peculiarities on social, political and economic development. The article is prepared as a discussion of two books prepared by the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences: “Indian Civilization in the Globalizing World” and “Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World”. The authors rely on comparative method to analyze civilizational codes of India and China, to define key peculiarities of cultural and political development of the both states, to speculate on their historical paths, political systems, religious and ideological factors in the context of civilizational codes. Moreover, the article discusses international environment and the level and trends of economic development. The authors draw a number of conclusion about similarities and differences in two ancient civilizations, as well as their modernization patterns.

1. Alaev L.B. Istoricheskaia dinamika Indiiskoi tsivilizatsii (Historical Dynamics of Indian Civilization) / Indiiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Indian the Civilization in Globalizing World) / Ed. by Lunev S.I., Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2005.

2. Anjum Z.Н. Аn Ode to the Indian Diaspora // Little India, 11.12.2006.

3. Annual Report 2010-11 / The Ministry of the Overseas Indian Affairs. P. 51. Mode of access: http://moia.gov.in/writereaddata/pdf/Annual_Report_2010-2011.pdf

4. Biers, Dan; Siddhva, Shiraz. Life in the Slow Lane // Far Eastern Economic Review, No. 34, 21/08/1997.

5. Chapple, Christopher. Ecological Nonviolence and the Hindu Tradition, Perspectives on Nonviolence / Ed. by Kool V.K. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1990.

6. Debatable fi gures // Newstime (Delhi), 26.03.2001.

7. Debroi B. Vyzov globalizatsii i perspektivy Indii (Challenges of Globalization and Prospects for India) / Postindustrial’nyi mir i Rossiia / Ed. by Krasil’shchikov V.A., Khoros V.G. Moscow: Editorial URSS, 2001.

8. Doklad o chelovecheskom razvitii 2011. Ustoichivoe razvitie i ravenstvo vozmozhnostei: Luchshee budushchee dlia vsekh (Report on Human Development 2011. Sustainable Development and Opportunities Equality). Moscow: Ves’ mir, 2011.

9. Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy 2013-14. Reserve Bank of India. Mumbai: Jyoti Enterprises, 2014.

10. Hiremath, Jagdish R. India and the Overseas Indians / Indian Foreign Policy. Agenda for the 21st Century / ed. by Mansingh L. New Delhi: Foreign Service Institute in association with Konark Publishers, 1997. Vol. 1. Human Development Report 2008. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

11. Indiiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Indian the Civilization in Globalizing World) / Ed. by Lunev S.I., Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2005. 229 p.

12. Khoros V.G. Popytka sinteza razlichnykh srezov Kitaiskoi tsivilizatsii (An Attempt of Synthesis of Various Aspects of Chinese Civilization) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.2.

13. Khoros V.G. Zakliuchenie (Conclusion) / Indiiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Indian the Civilization in Globalizing World) / Ed. by Lunev S.I., Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2005.

14. Kobzev A.I. Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia na osi «Vostok – Zapad» (Chinese Civilization on the Axis West-East) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

15. Kondrashova L.I. Institutsional’naia matritsa Kitaiskoi tsivilizatsii (Institutional Matrix of Chinese Civilization) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

16. Kondrashova L.I. Tsivilizatsionnye faktory reform v sovremennom Kitae (Civilizational Factors of Reforming Modern China) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

17. Kutsenkov A.A. Sotsial’nyi induizm (Social Hinduism) / Drevo induizma / Ed. by Glushkova I.P. M.: Vostochnaia literatura, 1999.

18. Listopadov N.A. Indiitsy i kitaitsy v Birme: sotsiopsikhologiia i politika (The Indians and Chinese in Burma: Socio-Psychology and Politics) // Vostok, 1997, No 5. Literacy Rate in India / India online, 2012. Mode of access: http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/literacy-rate-in-india.html

19. Lomanov A.V. «Miagkaia sila» i poisk putei vykhoda kitaiskoi kul’tury vo vneshnii mir (Soft Power and Trying to Project Chinese Culture Outward) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. M.: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

20. Lunev S.I., Liubimov Iu.V. Mozhet li Vostok dognat’ Zapad (razvitie nauki v krupneishikh stranakh Azii) (Can Asia and Africa Catch Up with the West? (Development of Science in the Biggest States of Asia). Moscow: Izd-vo MGIMO-Universiteta, 2011. 208 p.

21. Lunev S.I., Shirokov G.K. Transformatsiia mirovoi sistemy i krupneishie strany Evrazii (World System Transformation and the Biggest States of Eurasia). Moscow: «Academia», 2001.

22. LychaginA.I. EkonomicheskieparametryevoliutsiiKitaiskoi tsivilizatsii (Economic Parameters of Chinese Civilization Evolution) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

23. Malhotra, Rajeev. Incidence of Poverty in India: Towards a Consensus on Estimating the Poor // The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol. 40, No. 1, 1997.

24. Millennium Development Goals, India Country Report 2011 / Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. New Delhi, 2011. P. 29. Mode of access: http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_2011_24apr12.pdf

25. Nepomnin O.E. Kitaiskie tsikly i modernizatsiia (Chinese Cycles and Modernization) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the

26. lobalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

27. Overcoming Human Poverty. United Nations Development Programme. Poverty Report 2000. New York, 2000.

28. Panagariya, Arvind. The Indian Diaspora in the United States // Economic Times, 23.05. 2001.

29. Panandiker, Pai V. A. The Political Economy of Centre-State Relations / India’s Economic Reforms and Development, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Perspectives on Poverty in India. Stylized Facts from Survey Data. Washington: The World Bank, 2011, р. 17.

30. Mode of access: http://indiamicrofi nance.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/India-Poverty-Report-2011.pdf

31. Programma razvitiia Organizatsii Ob»edinennykh Natsii. Doklad o chelovecheskom razvitii 2011. Ustoichivoe razvitie i ravenstvo vozmozhnostei: Luchshee budushchee dlia vsekh (UN Development Programme. Report on Human Development 2011. Sustainable Development and Equal Opportunities: the Best Future for All). Moscow: «Ves' Mir», 2011.

32. Ramachandaran, Vimala K.; Rawal, Vitas; Swaminathan, Madhura. Investment Gaps in Primary Education. A Statewide Study // Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 1997.

33. Report of the Expert Group to Recommend the Detailed Methodology for Identifi cation of Families Living below Poverty Line in the Urban Areas. Planning Commission. Perspective Planning Division. Government of India. December 2012. Mode of access: http://planningcommission.gov.in/reports/genrep/rep_hasim1701.pdf

34. Report on Fourth Annual Employment / Unemployment Survey (2013-14). Volume I. Government of India. Ministry of Labour & Employment. Labour Bureau. Chandigarh: Labour Bureau, 2014. P. 27.

35. Sen, Amartya. The Argumentative Indian. Writings on Indian Culture, History and Identity. London, Penguin Books, 2005.

36. Simoniia N.A. Strany Vostoka: puti razvitiia (Asian and African Countries. Ways of Development). Moscow: «Nauka-GRVL», 1975

37. Singh, Kumar. New Poverty Line: Rs 32 in Villages, Rs 47 in Cities // Times of India, 07.07.2014.

38. Strovskii L.E. Rol’ khuatsiao v razvitii kitaiskoi ekonomiki (The Role of Overseas Chinese in Developing Chinese Economy) // Vestnik UGTU-UPI, 2008, No. 2.

39. US Census Вurеаu, Profi le of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. Mode of access: http://factfi nder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/ рroductview.xhtml?рid=DЕС_10_DР_DРDР1&РrodType=table

40. Vanina E. Osnovnye tsennosti i instituty indiiskoi tsivilizatsii (drevnost’ i srednevekov’e) (Key Values and Institutes of Indian Civilization (Ancient and Middle

41. ges)) / Indiiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Indian the Civilization in Globalizing World) / Ed. by Lunev S.I., Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2005.

42. Vasil’ev L.S. Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia: slozhenie osnov (Chinese Civilization: Stem Composition) / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

43. Vinogradov A.V. Preemstvennost’ i kollektivizm kitaiskoi tsivilizatsii (Continuity and Collectivism of Chinese Civilization / Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsiia v globaliziruiushchemsia mire (Chinese Civilization in the Globalizing World) / Ed. by Khoros V.G. Moscow: IMEMO RAN, 2014. Vol.1.

44. Wolf, Charles Jr. and others. China and India: 2025. A Comparative Assessment / RAND Corporation, 2011. Pp. 38-46. Mode of access: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2011/RAND_MG1009.pdf

45. World Employment and Social Outlook – The Changing Nature of Jobs 2015. Geneva: International Labour Offi ce, 2015.