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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24411/2221-3279-2018-00011</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-766</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ОПЫТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOCAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФАКТОРЫ ПОЗИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ ЛЕВЫХ ПАРТИЙ ПО ПРОБЛЕМЕ ИММИГРАЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FACTORS DEFINING POSITIONS OF LEFT PARTIES ON THE IMMIGRATION ISSUE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиннатуллин</surname><given-names>А. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinnatullin</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, Кафедра политологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-Graduate Student, Department of Political Science</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aidar.zinnatulla@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зиннатуллин А.З., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зиннатуллин А.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinnatullin A.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/766">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/766</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются факторы, которые влияют на изменение левыми партиями своих  предвыборных позиций по проблеме иммиграции. Изучение характерной для крайне правых партий темы в позиционировании их конкурентов с левого фланга политико-идеологического спектра является не самым традиционным явлением в зарубежной и отечественной политической науке. Автор ставит цель рассмотреть влияние различных  эндогенных и экзогенных факторов не только на занятие социал-демократическими  партиями, «новыми левыми» и «зелеными» определенных позиций по проблемному  измерению, но и на придание ими значимости проблеме иммиграции в своих предвыборных  программах. Основное внимание уделяется таким факторам, как доля мигрантов в общей  численности населения страны, сила крайне правой партии, электоральная конкуренция,  нишевость партии, характер партийной организации, рассматриваемый в контексте  отношений лидеров и активистов. Влияние регрессоров на зависимые переменные  анализируется на примере наблюдений по партиям из 10 стран Западной Европы.  Интересующий автора период включает временной промежуток с cередины 1970-х гг. по 2010-е гг. Для выявления связи между переменными используется метод регрессионного  анализа. В начале статьи приводится краткий обзор наиболее важных работ, которые  перекликаются с темой статьи. Далее автор выдвигает 5 гипотез. После этого описывается методология исследования. В конце статьи представлены результаты проведенного анализа, а также вопросы, которые требуют дополнительного изучения. Автор приходит к выводу, что лежащие в основе процесса позиционирования партий по проблеме  иммиграции факторы сводятся к особенностям внутрипартийной организации и связанной с  ней реакцией на конкуренцию со стороны других участников межпартийного соревнования. Данное исследование показало, что «нишевость» партий с левого фланга политико-идеологического спектра проявляется в их нежелании концентрировать внимание на  «чужих» темах, а в случае необходимости такой концентрации – в выражении мнения,  отличающегося от риторики крайне правых партий. Социал-демократические партии, в  которых партийные лидеры доминируют над активистами, склонны выступать менее  прямолинейно, с одной стороны, не отпуская далеко от себя соседей по флангу, с другой –  демонстрируя ориентацию на максимизацию голосов избирателей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, we study factors defi ning left party’s policy positions on the immigration issue. This theme is not so popular in  political science despite of plenty of works devoted to that problem  in the context of far-right and mainstream parties. Therefore in this  paper, we propose our own models that takes into account two kinds of factors: endogenous (organizational) traits and exogenous (enviromental) arrangement. Proposed models try to explain the  position and saliency of immigration issue in the manifestos of  socialdemocratic, green and new left parties. We pay more attention  on several independent variables, such as electoral competition (we  operationalize it through the notion of effective number of parties  offered by Laakso and Taagepera), migration rate, popularity of far- right party, party’s nicheness, organizational traits (that we consider in terms of leaders-activists relations). We have two dependent  variables which called (1) party position on the immigration issue  and (2) saliency of this issue. In order to estimate necessary links  between variables we use regression analysis of time-series-cross- section data. As units of our research we present political party’s  moves in 10 Western European countries between 1975 and 2010.  We conclude that organizational peculiarities with its link to the  electoral competition make infl uence to the dependent variable.  Niche parties tend not to concentrate their attention on the issue of immigration, but if they do that greens and new lefts demonstrate proimmigrant positions. Social-democrats try to act less forthrightly  in order to maximize their electoral support.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>социал-демократы</kwd><kwd>партии «новой волны»</kwd><kwd>позиционирование политических партий</kwd><kwd>шкала левые-правые</kwd><kwd>проблема иммиграции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>party policy positions left-right scale</kwd><kwd>social-democrats</kwd><kwd>the new left</kwd><kwd>ecological parties</kwd><kwd>immigrants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Инглхарт Р., Вельцель К. Модернизация, культурные изменения и демократия: Последовательность человеческого развития. – М.: Новое издательство, 2011. – 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abou-Chadi, T. 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