comparativepoliticsСравнительная политикаComparative Politics Russia2221-32792412-4990Издательская группа «Юрист»10.18611/2221-3279-2016-7-3(24)-121-134comparativepolitics-487Research ArticleСРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ОПЫТАCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOCAL CASESГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В США: СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ЭТАП ЭВОЛЮЦИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ БОРЬБЫFEDERAL SUPPORT OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN THE UNITED STATES: CURRENT EVOLUTION UNDER THE POLITICAL STRUGGLEИстоминИ. А.IstominI. A.

к.полит.н., старший преподаватель Кафедры прикладного анализа международных проблем МГИМО МИД России

Candidate of Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Department of Applied International Political Analysis, MGIMO University

i.istomin@inno.mgimo.ruМГИМО МИД России, г. Москва, РоссияРоссияMGIMO University, Moscow, RussiaRussian Federation20160308201673(24)121134Copyright © Истомин И.А., 20162016Истомин И.А.Istomin I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/487

В 2000-х – 2010-х годах наметилось сокращение отрыва Соединенных Штатов в научно-технологической сфере от стремительно развивающихся конкурентов. В то же время США остаются явным мировым лидером в этой области, что в значительной степени определялось активной государственной политикой. Настоящая статья ставит целью выявить основные тенденции эволюции научной политики США и причины, обуславливающие сравнительное снижение уровня бюджетной поддержки исследовательской деятельности. Автор рассматривает эволюцию подходов администраций Дж. Буша-мл. и Б. Обамы, а также демократических и республиканских сил в Палате представителей и Сенате. Он также анализирует вклад в формулирование и реализацию государственной политики правительственных ведомств, непосредственно отвечающих за обеспечение поддержки научных исследований, а также общественных организаций, представляющих интересы ученых. Автор исследует причины усиления конкуренции между правящей администрацией и законодателями от Демократической партии за признание в качестве политической силы, наиболее обеспокоенной проблемами научной политики, а также особенности и последствия принятого в 2009 году Закона о восстановлении и реинвестировании.

2000’s and 2010’s witnessed diminishing margin of the United States in science and technology. Meanwhile, the U.S. remains a clear leader in this fi eld. Major driving force of the country’s success in the second half of the ХХ century remained assertive federal science policy. The article seeks to identify major trends in evolution of the U.S. science policy and the reasons behind relative decline of the level of budget support of the scientifi c research. The author studies evolution of the policies of George Bush and Barack Obama, as well as the views of Democrats and Republicans in the House of Representatives and the Senate. The article also examines the input into the federal policy of the governmental bodies, which are directly responsible for its implementation, as well as non-governmental organizations, which seek to advocate interests of scientists; it studies rising competition between the executive authorities and legislators for the recognition as a major champion of the academic community as well as American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.