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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2221-3279-2025-1-16-5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1784</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЗАИЧНОЕ ПОЛЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ И МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOSAIC FIELD OF RUSSIAN AND WORLS POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Переменчивая устойчивость: всеобщие выборы в Чили как институциональное отражение демократических традиций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shifting Stability: Chilean General Elections as an  Institutional Reflection of Democratic Traditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6672-2448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варшавский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varshavsky</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арсений Юрьевич Варшавский – соискатель Кафедры сравнительной политологии, </p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 76.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseny Yu. Varshavsky – Postgraduate Student, Comparative Politics Department,</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arsenyvarshavsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Мозаика страноведческих исследований</issue-title><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Варшавский А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Варшавский А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varshavsky A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1784">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1784</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье раскрываются особенности партийной системы Чили, которая на современном этапе своего политического развития способствовала появлению двух широких партийных коалиций, составляющих устойчивую основу поддержания демократических институтов и воспроизводства высшей политической элиты страны – левоориентированной “Apruebo Dignidad” («Одобряю достоинство») и правоцентристской “Chile Vamos” («Чили, вперед!»). Выделяются ключевые институциональные, исторические и культурные факторы, оказавшие влияние на становление современного политического дизайна Чилийской Республики, благодаря которому обеспечивается традиционно сложившаяся жизнеспособность партий. Проводится анализ формально-правовых особенностей президентской системы и электорального процесса в Чили. В системе политической власти президент выступает в роли центральной фигуры, наделенной широкими полномочиями в принятии ряда ключевых решений. В то же время конституционные рамки побуждают главу исполнительной власти взаимодействовать с парламентскими коалициями для преодоления проблемы «двойного меньшинства», при которой президент не обладает поддержкой большинства в Национальном Конгрессе. Партийная коалиционность также обусловливается влиянием избирательной системы, в рамках которой даже после реформы 2015 г. малые партии продолжают испытывать сложности в самостоятельной борьбе за места в парламенте и вынуждены взаимодействовать с более крупными коалициями. Это положение дел отражается также в выборах президента. Подтверждение тому – победа Габриэля Борича в 2021 г., который, несмотря на свой прогрессивный имидж, опирался на поддержку различных левых и левоцентристских сил. Долгосрочная устойчивость чилийской партийной системы объясняется в том числе глубоко укоренившимися традициями политического участия и демократическими институтами, которые позволяют интегрировать запросы населения в политический процесс. Однако снижение поддержки партий среди населения и рост протестной активности указывают на существующие вызовы. Делается вывод о том, что, несмотря на кризис доверия к партийным структурам, коалиционная система продолжает обеспечивать стабильность политической системы. Для ее укрепления партиям необходимо сосредоточиться на решении актуальных социально-экономических проблем, что станет ключевым фактором повышения гражданского доверия и устойчивости демократических институтов Чили.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a detailed analysis of Chile’s party system, which, at its current stage of political development, has fostered the emergence of two broad party coalitions. These coalitions, the left-oriented Apruebo Dignidad and the center-right Chile Vamos, serve as a stable foundation for maintaining democratic institutions and reproducing the country’s top political elite. The article highlights key institutional, historical, and cultural factors that have shaped the modern political design of the Chilean Republic in its post-authoritarian period, ensuring the traditionally established viability of political parties. The study examines the formal-legal characteristics of Chile’s presidential system and electoral process. Within the political power structure, the president plays a central role, possessing broad authority in making key decisions. However, constitutional constraints require the head of the executive branch to engage with parliamentary coalitions to overcome the “double minority” problem, where the president lacks majority support in the National Congress. Party coalition-building is also influenced by the electoral system, under which, even after the 2015 reform, smaller parties continue to face difficulties in independently securing parliamentary seats and are forced to collaborate with larger coalitions. This dynamic is also reflected in presidential elections. A case in point is the victory of Gabriel Boric in 2021: despite his progressive image, he relied on the support of various leftist and center-left forces. The longterm stability of Chile’s party system can be attributed, among other factors, to deeply ingrained traditions of political participation and democratic institutions, which enable the integration of public demands into the political process. However, declining public support for parties and growing protest activity indicate existing challenges. The article concludes that despite the crisis of trust in party structures, the coalition system continues to ensure political stability. To strengthen it, parties must focus on addressing current socio-economic issues, which will be a key factor in restoring public trust and reinforcing Chile’s democratic institutions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>президентство</kwd><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>партийная система</kwd><kwd>партийные коалиции</kwd><kwd>фрагментированность партий</kwd><kwd>Чили</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>presidentialism</kwd><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>party systems</kwd><kwd>party coalitions</kwd><kwd>party fragmentation</kwd><kwd>Chile</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богуш Е.Ю., Щелчков А.А. (2009) Политическая история Чили XX века. М: Высшая школа.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alemán E., Cabezas J.M. &amp; Calvo E. (2021) Coalition Incentives and Party Bias in Chile. Electoral Studies 72: 102362. 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