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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2221-3279-2024-3-15-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1709</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ДЕБЮТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC DEBUT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Препятствия к макросекьюритизации глобальных угроз:  кейсы ядерного оружия и изменения климата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obstacles to Macrosecuritization of Global Threats:  Cases of Nuclear Weapons and Climate Change</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-4203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Учаев</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uchaev</surname><given-names>Ye. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Иванович Учаев – преподаватель, аспирант, кафедра мировых политических процессов</p><p>119454, Москва, Проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yevgeny I. Uchaev – Lecturer, PhD student, World Politics Department</p><p>76 Prospekt Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugeneuchaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-1641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Квартальнов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvartalnov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Александрович Квартальнов – магистр международных отношений, участник научного коллектива проекта «Темпоральное измерение международных отношений в контексте глобальных угроз ядерной войны и изменения климата»</p><p>119454, Москва, Проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Kvartalnov – MA in International Relations, Member of the research team, research project "Temporality of international relations in the context of global threats of nuclear war and climate change"</p><p>76 Prospekt Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Преддверие глобального конфликта  или contra spem spero?</issue-title><elocation-id>141–164</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Учаев Е.И., Квартальнов А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Учаев Е.И., Квартальнов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Uchaev Y.I., Kvartalnov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1709">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1709</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на множество и многообразие попыток макросекьюритизации ядерного оружия и изменения климата, к настоящему моменту ни одна из них не была успешной. Существующие исследования не дают убедительного ответа на вопрос о причинах неудачных секьюритизаций, что связано как с общим недостатком внимания к подобным кейсам, так и с разрозненным, ad hoc характером предлагавшихся объяснений. Вместе с тем до сих пор не уделялось внимание тому, что процессы секьюритизации, подразумевающие суждения о потенциальной конечности существования объектов во времени, неотъемлемо связаны с определенными темпоральными представлениями. Попытки макросекьюритизации ядерного оружия и изменения климата, провозглашая потенциальную конечность существования человечества, вступают в конфликт с основополагающими темпоральными представлениями Модерна, утверждающими бесконечность времени человечества. Они также оказываются несовместимы с социальной структурой системы суверенных государств, для которой бесконечная темпоральность Модерна выступает идейным условием возможности. Как следствие, попытки макросекьюритизации, с одной стороны, оказываются попытками делегитимации и институциональной трансформации системы суверенных государств. С другой стороны, социальная структура этой системы подталкивает действующих в ней акторов «этернализовать» глобальные угрозы, то есть интерпретировать ядерное оружие и изменение климата как совместимые с бесконечным существованием человечества. Действие этих механизмов иллюстрируется на примерах дискуссий по международному контролю над ядерным оружием во второй половине 1940-х гг. и по сотрудничеству в области климатической политики в 1987-1992 гг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the multitude of attempts to macrosecuritize nuclear weapons and climate change, none of them has succeeded so far. Existing studies struggle to convincingly explain these failures, which can be attributed both to the general neglect of unsuccessful cases of securitization and to the disparate, ad hoc nature of suggested explanations. Meanwhile, it has been little noticed that, as the discourse of existential threat implies judgements about the potential finitude of objects in time, there is a close link between securitization and temporality. By defining humanity’s time as potentially finite, the attempts to macrosecuritize nuclear weapons and climate change clash with the dominant indefinite temporality of modernity, as well as with the system of sovereign states that depends on indefinite temporality as its ideational condition of possibility. Consequently, macrosecuritizing moves, on the one hand, end up attempting to delegitimize and transform the system of sovereign states. On the other hand, the social structure of this system nudges the actors to ‘eternalize’ nuclear weapons and climate change, that is, to interpret them as compatible with humanity’s indefinite existence in the world. We demonstrate the workings of these ideational mechanisms during the discussions on international control of atomic energy in the 1940s and during the debates on international climate cooperation in 19871992. The cases show how, operating within a state-centric international political structure, policy makers are indeed inclined to ‘eternalize’ global existential threats. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макросекьюритизация</kwd><kwd>глобальные угрозы</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>ядерное оружие</kwd><kwd>темпоральность</kwd><kwd>этернализация</kwd><kwd>система суверенных государств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macrosecuritization</kwd><kwd>global threats</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>nuclear weapons</kwd><kwd>temporality</kwd><kwd>eternalization</kwd><kwd>system of sovereign states</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект №22-28-01054 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-01054/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project №22-28-01054 (https://www.rscf.ru/en/project/22-28-01054/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арбатов А.Г. 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