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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2221-3279-2024-2-15-3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЯ В КОМПАРАТИВИСТСКОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ: ЕВРОПА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Европеизация» китайского направления внешней политики ФРГ в начале 2020-х гг.: национальные интересы и наднациональные ограничения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Europeanization of the Germany’s China Policy in Early 2020s: National Interests</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-2498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Юрьевна Мельникова – кандидат политических наук, программный менеджер, Российский совет по международным делам</p><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский переулок, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Julia Ju. Melnikova – Program Manager, Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC)</p><p>8, 4th Dobryninskiy pereulok, Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jmelnikova@russiancouncil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский совет по международным делам</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Старый континент в новом мире</issue-title><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельникова Ю.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikova Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1697">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1697</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование направлено на выявление значимости фактора Европейского союза при формировании внешней политики Федеративной Республики Германия в отношении Китайской Народной Республики в начале 2020-х гг. Исследовательский вопрос сформулирован на основе противоречия между экономическими интересами германских земель и бизнес-корпораций с одной стороны и политикой правительства ФРГ, все более отчетливо дистанцирующегося от Китая, – с другой. Выдвигается гипотеза, что переход Берлина к конфронтационной стратегии в отношении Пекина во многом обусловлен «европеизацией» – укреплением элементов централизации в управлении Европейским союзом и связанной с этим адаптацией национальных моделей поведения к общеевропейской. В контексте «европеизации» внешней политики поддержка уже существующих тенденций, а не разработка альтернативного сценария способствует сохранению ведущей роли ФРГ в формировании и реализации курса ЕС на китайском направлении. Таким образом, исследование в определенном смысле представляет собой кейс-стади пределов автономности внешней политики государств – членов интеграционных объединений. На основе существующего в рамках концепции «европеизации» подхода «снизувверх» в статье приводится периодизация политики Германии в отношении Китая с учетом изменений в состоянии связей ЕС с КНР. Предлагается четыре этапа германо-китайского взаимодействия: 1993–2016 гг., 2016–2019 гг., 2019–2023 гг. и 2023 – наст. вр. Сопоставление национального и наднационального уровней принятия решений в эти периоды позволило продемонстрировать полный цикл «европеизации» курса ФРГ и вновь подчеркнуть значимость Евросоюза для формирования политики Германии. Если изначально ФРГ транслировала на уровень ЕС собственные нормы взаимодействия с Китаем, чтобы обеспечить себе наиболее выгодные условия сотрудничества с последним, то сегодня уже она перенимает общеевропейские стандарты, адаптируя национальную позицию к позиции Евросоюза. Выводы автора подкрепляются результатами качественного анализа текстовых материалов аналитических центров и партийных фондов Германии, опубликованных за период 2020– 2024 гг. Результаты исследования позволяют прогнозировать дальнейшую солидаризацию ФРГ с общеевропейской позицией и ухудшение германо-китайских отношений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study aims to identify the significance of the European Union factor in shaping the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany towards the People’s Republic of China in the early 2020’s. The research question stems from the existing contradiction between the economic interests of German states and business corporations on the one hand and the policy of the German government, which is increasingly distancing itself from China, on the other. It is hypothesized that Berlin’s shift to a confrontational strategy towards Beijing is largely due to “Europeanization” – the strengthening of centralization elements in European Union governance and the related adaptation of national models to the pan-European one. In the context of the “Europeanization” of foreign policy, supporting the existing trends rather than developing an alternative scenario contributes to preserving the leading role of Germany in the formation and implementation of the EU’s policy towards China. Thus, the study, in a certain sense, is a case study of the limits of autonomy of foreign policy of the integration associations’ member–states. Based on the bottom-up approach existing within the concept of “Europeanization,” the article provides a periodization of Germany’s policy towards China, taking into account the changes in the state of the EU ties with the latter. Four phases of German – Chinese engagements are proposed, namely 1993–2016, 2016–2019, 2019–2023 and 2023 until present. The comparison of the national and supranational levels of decision–making during these periods allowed us to demonstrate the full cycle of the “Europeanization” of Germany’s political course and once again emphasize the importance of the European Union in the formation of the policy of the state under study. Initially Germany presented its own norms of interaction with China to the EU level in order to ensure the most favorable conditions of cooperation with the latter; now it is adopting pan-European standards, adapting its national position to that of the European Union. The author’s conclusions are supported by the results of qualitative analysis of textual materials of the leading think–tanks in 2020–2024. The results of the study allow predicting further solidarization of Germany with the pan-European position and deterioration of German – Chinese relations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>европеизация</kwd><kwd>ЕС – КНР</kwd><kwd>Германия – КНР</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>теории интеграции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>europeanization</kwd><kwd>EU – China</kwd><kwd>Germany – China</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>integration theories</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов В.Б. (2023) О новой стратегии Германии по отношению к Китаю. Аналитические записки Института Европы РАН (3). DOI: 10.15211/analytics31620231624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baur A. and Flach L. (2022) Deutsch-chinesische Handelsbeziehungen: Wie abhängig ist Deutschland vom Reich der Mitte? 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