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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2221-3279-2023-4-14-9-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1626</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЯ В КОМПАРАТИВИСТСКОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ: ЕВРОПА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сепаратизм в Бельгии: основные факторы трансформации валлоно-фламандских противоречий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Separatism in Belgium: Key Factors Governing Walloon-Flemish Discrepancies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9964-9595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Egor A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Александрович Сергеев — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры мировой экономики, доцент кафедры истории и политики стран Европы и Америки, старший научный сотрудник Центра европейских исследований, Институт международных исследований, МГИМО МИД России</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Egor A. Sergeev — Associate Professor, Department of World Economy, Associate Professor, Department of European and American Studies, Senior Research Fellow, Center for European Studies, Institute for International Studies, MGIMO University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeev.e.a@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>«Старый свет» в новом мире</issue-title><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеев Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeev E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1626">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1626</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящее исследование посвящено ретроспективному анализу развития проблемы сепаратизма в Бельгии в контексте существующего этнического конфликта между фламандцами и валлонами и представляет собой очерк исторической и современной динамики проблемы. Цель исследования – выявить факторы, которые способствовали обострению этнического конфликта и институционализации сепаратизма, а также влияли на дальнейшую трансформацию сепаратистского дискурса в стране. Для достижения цели автором задействуется междисциплинарный подход с использованием исторических, политологических и экономических категорий и методов. Методологическую основу работы составляют современные теоретические воззрения на типы и причины сепаратистских настроений, а также варианты и стратегии купирования проблемы. Исследование опирается на качественные исторические методы, в нем также используется статистический анализ, задействуются данные социологических опросов, анализируется широкий пласт документов, включая программы политических партий.Можно утверждать, что на эволюцию этнического сепаратизма в Бельгии повлияли следующие факторы: языковое разделение (как фундаментальная предпосылка конфликта), фактор элит (определявших основной вектор движения сепаратистского дискурса), внешний фактор (способствовавший оформлению фламандского сепаратизма), экономический фактор (придавший стимул институционализации разделения страны) и сам «институциональный» фактор. Под последним понимается формирование в стране фактически изолированных друг от друга этнических групп за счет развития полноценной системы региональных институтов и институтов сообществ. Этот фактор представляется крайне важным, поскольку он способствовал «замораживанию» этнического конфликта и одновременно инкорпорировал в систему консоциативной демократии большое количество дисбалансов, связанных с этническим разделением. В результате стабилизация конфликта и купирование сепаратистских настроений достигнуты за счет дестабилизации центральной власти в стране. В современной политической системе сепаратистский дискурс крайне сильно инструментализирован. Вопросы разделения страны и реформирования государственного устройства постепенно отходят на второй план из-за появления новых (миграция, экономический кризис, антиистеблишментарные настроения) проблем и изменения приоритетов правых политических сил.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study is devoted to a retrospective analysis of separatism in Belgium and its development given the existing ethnic conflict between Flemish and Walloons. The research depicts the historical and contemporary dynamics of the problem. The aim of the study is to identify major factors that contributed to aggravation of the ethnic conflict and institutionalization of separatism, as well as influenced the further transformation of the separatist discourse in the country. To achieve this goal, the author uses an interdisciplinary approach with the use of historic, political science and economic categories and methods. The methodological basis of the work is formed by modern theoretical views on the types and causes of separatist sentiments, as well as options and strategies for dealing with the problem. The study relies on qualitative historical methods, it also uses statistical analysis, data from sociological surveys, and analyzes a wide range of documents, including the programs of political parties. One might argue that the evolution of ethnic separatism in Belgium was influenced by the following factors: linguistic division (as a fundamental precondition of the conflict), the factor of elites (which determined the main vector of the separatist discourse), the external factor (which contributed to the formation of Flemish separatism), the economic factor (which gave an impetus to the institutionalization of the country's division) and the ‘institutional’ factor itself. The latter is understood as the formation of ethnic groups in the country that are actually isolated from one another at the expense of the development of a full-fledged system of regional and community institutions. This factor seems to be extremely important, as it contributed to the ‘freezing’ of the ethnic conflict and at the same time incorporated a large number of imbalances associated with ethnic division into the system of consociational democracy. As a result, the stabilization of the conflict was achieved at the expense of destabilizing the central government in the country. In the modern political system of Belgium, the separatist discourse is widely instrumentalized. The ideas of dividing the country and reforming the state structure are gradually losing their impetus due to the emergence of new problems (migration, economic crisis, anti-establishment sentiments) and changing priorities of the right- wing political forces.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сепаратизм</kwd><kwd>Бельгия</kwd><kwd>федерализация</kwd><kwd>Фландрия</kwd><kwd>Валлония</kwd><kwd>этнический конфликт</kwd><kwd>партийно-политическая система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>separatism</kwd><kwd>Belgium</kwd><kwd>federalization</kwd><kwd>Flanders</kwd><kwd>Wallonia</kwd><kwd>ethnic conflict</kwd><kwd>party system</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит за помощь в подготовке рукописи и ценные комментарии директора Центра европейских исследований ИМИ МГИМО МИД России В.В. Воротникова и аналитика Центра европейских исследований ИМИ МГИМО МИД России И.В. 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