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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2221-3279-2022-4-13-45-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGIES IN WORLD POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Доктринальные аспекты политики США, НАТО и ЕС в области военного космоса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doctrinal Aspects of the US, NATO and EU Policies in Military Space</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-6893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Иванович Никитин – доктор политических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, почетный президент Российской ассоциации политической науки</p><p>117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Alexander I. Nikitin – Primary Research Fellow, IMEMO RAS</p><p>23 Profsoyuznaya Street, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">an@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8548-9356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клинова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klinova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Вилениновна Клинова – доктор экономических наук, главный научный сотрудник Центра европейских исследований</p><p>117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Marina V. Klinova - Primary Research Fellow, IMEMO RAS</p><p>23 Profsoyuznaya Street, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.v.klinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ИМЭМО им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>IMEMO RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин А.И., Клинова М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин А.И., Клинова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin A.I., Klinova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1553">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1553</self-uri><abstract><p>Освоение космоса изначально и в настоящее время тесно связано с милитаризацией. Все космические технологии так или иначе имеют двойное назначение и могут быть использованы как в мирных, так и в военных целях – начиная с применения ракет-носителей для орбитальных и суборбитальных запусков и заканчивая телекоммуникационными системами. В доктринальных документах США, НАТО и Европейского Союза космос рассматривается в том числе как источник «космических угроз» и среда ведения потенциальных военных действий. Происходит структурное выделение военно-космических сил и командований в особые подразделения в составе вооруженных сил западных стран.</p><p>При сравнении космических стратегий НАТО и Европейского Союза просматриваются существенные различия. НАТО основное внимание уделяет использованию космических ресурсов входящих в альянс государств для реализации его традиционных целей и задач, не концентрируясь на создании собственно интегративных структур, развивающих космические технологии. Евросоюз, напротив, активно интегрирует технологические вклады ряда входящих в него наиболее мощных по экономическому потенциалу развитых государств, инициирует и развивает коллективные межгосударственные проекты и структуры освоения космоса, придавая в последнее время особое значение попыткам обеспечить европейскую стратегическую автономию от США и третьих стран в космической сфере. Характерной особенностью начала XXI в. стало все более интенсивное проникновение в сферу космоса частных предприятий: расширяется их роль, укрепляется сотрудничество с государством на коммерческой основе в форме государственно-частного партнерства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Exploration of an outer-space initially and currently is closely related to militarization. All spacecraft, in one way or another, have a dual purpose and can be used for both peaceful and military purposes – from the use of launchers for orbital and suborbital flights to telecommunication systems. In the doctrinal documents of the USA, NATO and the European Union space is considered, among other functions, as a source of “space threats” and as an environment for potential military operations. Military space forces and Commands are structurally separated into a special category within the Armed Forces of Western countries. Comparative analysis of NATO and EU space strategies shows significant differences. NATO places an emphasis on the use of already existing space resources of its member states to implement its traditional goals and objectives, without concentrating on the formation of collective structures advancing space technologies. EU, in contrast, actively integrates technological inputs of its member states with powerful economic potential, initiates and develops collective inter-state projects and structures for space exploration. EU in recent times pays special attention to attempts to ensure European strategic autonomy from the USA and third countries in the space sector. The increasingly intensive entry of private enterprises into the outer space sector has been a characteristic feature at the beginning of the 21st century, their role is expanding, and cooperation of businesses with the state is strengthening on a commercial basis in the form of public-private partnerships.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>космос</kwd><kwd>космическая политика</kwd><kwd>кибер-безопасность</kwd><kwd>технологический суверенитет</kwd><kwd>европейская стратегическая автономия</kwd><kwd>международное гуманитарное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>outer space</kwd><kwd>space policy</kwd><kwd>cyber-security</kwd><kwd>technological sovereignty</kwd><kwd>European strategic autonomy</kwd><kwd>international humanitarian law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hays P.L. 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