<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2221-3279-2022-1-2-13-186-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1526</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАНИЦЫ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кан Ювэй и Италия начала XX в.: осмысление политики запада носителем традиционного конфуцианского сознания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kang Youwei and Italy in the Beginning of the 20th Century: Comprehension of the Politics of the West by the Traditional Confucian Thinker</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-1915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Евгеньевич Мартынов — доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры китаеведения и азиатско-тихоокеанских исследований Института международных отношений</p><p>420008, Казань, ул. Пушкина, д. 1/55, учебное здание № 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Dmitry E. Martynov – Professor, Department of Chinese and Asia-Pacific Studies, Institute of International Relations</p><p>1/55 Pushkin Street, Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrymartynov80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартынов Д.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынов Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynov D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1526">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1526</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются теоретические трактаты, созданные выдающимся китайским реформатором Кан Ювэем (1858–1927) в эмиграции и посвященные осмыслению западной социальной и политической реальности с позиции носителя традиционной китайской культуры и неоконфуцианской философии. В первую очередь, это «Путешествие в Италию» (1904) и «Рассуждение о республиканском строе» (1918). Для мышления Кан Ювэя характерно внимание к конфуцианской бинарной оппозиции сы — гун (частное — общее), которую он переносил и на цивилизационное развитие, и на международную политику. Иными словами, западный путь развития — национальных империалистических государств, основанных на экономической, социальной и внешнеполитической конкуренции и индивидуализме («частном»), противопоставлялся монолитному древнему Китаю, общество и политика которого основаны на началах «общности» и единения. Политическую реальность стран Запада Кан Ювэй воспринимал с позиций традиционной китайской историографии, которая была призвана служить базой положительных и отрицательных прецедентов для использования правителем во имя общего блага и гармонизации общества. В системе исторических взглядов Кан Ювэя Италия и Германия нового времени были очень важны для иллюстрации принципа укрупнения политических образований и слияния мелких и слабых государств в крупные империи. Методологически это оформлялось как отнесение Германии, Италии и Китая к одной онтологической категории (тун лэй). Строй, который Кан Ювэй именовал «народоправием», в его описаниях имеет гораздо больше сходства с этатизмом. Создав историко-политическую теорию, Кан Ювэй рассуждал, что западные политические институты являются следствием длительного цивилизационного развития от времени древних Эллады и Рима, и потому предложенные современным Западом «рецептом» негодны для Китая. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with the theoretical treatises written by Kang Youwei (1858 — 1927) in exile and devoted to the understanding of Western social and political reality from the standpoint of a bearer of traditional Chinese culture and Neo-Confucian philosophy. First of all, these are “Travelogue to Italy” (Yidali youji, 1904) and “Impartial Words on Republicanism” (Gonghe pingyi, 1918). Kang Yuwei’s thinking is characterized by attention to the Confucian binary opposition si — gong (private — general), which he transferred to both civilizational development and international politics. In other words, the Western path of development, which consist national imperialist states based on economic, social and foreign policy competition and individualism (“private”), was opposed to the monolithic ancient China, whose society and politics are based on the principles of “community” and unity. Kang Youwei perceived the political reality of Western countries from the standpoint of traditional Chinese historiography, which was intended to serve as a base of positive and negative precedents for use by the ruler in the name of the common good and the harmonization of society. In Kang Youwei’s system of historical views, modern Italy and Germany were very important for illustrating the principle of consolidation of political entities and the merging of small and weak states into large empires. Methodologically, this was formalized as the assignment of Germany, Italy and China to the same ontological category (tong lei).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мировой порядок</kwd><kwd>глобализм</kwd><kwd>конфуцианство</kwd><kwd>Великое единение</kwd><kwd>Кан Ювэй</kwd><kwd>Цинская империя</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>world order</kwd><kwd>globalism</kwd><kwd>Confucianism</kwd><kwd>Great Unification</kwd><kwd>Kang Yuwei</kwd><kwd>Qing Empire</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brusadelli F. (2020) Confucian Concord: Reform, Utopia and Global Teleology in Kang Youwei’s Datong Shu. Leiden — Boston: Brill. 197 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brusadelli F. (2020) Confucian Concord: Reform, Utopia and Global Teleology in Kang Youwei’s Datong Shu. Leiden — Boston: Brill. 197 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen P.A. (1987) Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T’ao and Reform in Late Ch’ing China. Cambridge (Mass.), The Council on East Asian Studies at Harvard University. 357 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen P.A. (1987) Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T’ao and Reform in Late Ch’ing China. Cambridge (Mass.), The Council on East Asian Studies at Harvard University. 357 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Felber R. (1997) The Use of Analogy by Kang Youwei in His Writings on European History. Oriens Extremus. 40(1): 64–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Felber R. (1997) The Use of Analogy by Kang Youwei in His Writings on European History. Oriens Extremus. 40(1): 64–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Y. (2005) Datong shu [The Book of Great Unity], ed. and foreword by Tang Zhijun. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe. 292 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y. (2005) Datong shu [The Book of Great Unity], ed. and foreword by Tang Zhijun. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe. 292 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Y. (2007a) Yidali youji [Travelogue to Italy]. Kang Youwei Quanji, Jiang Yihua, Zhang Ronghua bianjiao [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works, ed. by Jiang Yihua, Zhang Ronghua]. Vol. 7. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 347–406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y. (2007a) Yidali youji [Travelogue to Italy]. Kang Youwei Quanji, Jiang Yihua, Zhang Ronghua bianjiao [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works, ed. by Jiang Yihua, Zhang Ronghua]. 7. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 347–406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Y. (2007b) Gonghe pingyi [Impartial Words on Republicanism]. Kang Youwei Quanji [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works]. 11. Beijing, Renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 2–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y. (2007b) Gonghe pingyi [Impartial Words on Republicanism]. Kang Youwei Quanji [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works]. 11. Beijing, Renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 2–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Youwei. (2007c) Rierman yange kao Aodali Xiongyali yange fu [Essay on Evolution of Germany, Austria and Hungary]. Kang Youwei Quanji [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works]. 11. Beijing, Renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 235–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y. (2007c) Rierman yange kao Aodali Xiongyali yange fu [Essay on Evolution of Germany, Austria and Hungary]. Kang Youwei Quanji [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works]. 11. Beijing, Renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 235–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Youwei. (2007d) Ruidian yange kao [Essay on Evolution of Sveden]. Kang Youwei Quanji [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works]. 11. Beijing, Renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 206–216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y. (2007d) Ruidian yange kao [Essay on Evolution of Sveden]. Kang Youwei Quanji [Kang Youwei’s Complete Works]. Vol. 11. Beijing, Renmin daxue chubanshe. P. 206–216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang M. (2019) Shengping zhi jing: cong “Yidali youji” Kang Youwei Ouya wenming lun [The Ambit of Flourishing Peace: Kang Youwei’s Perspective of Eurasian Civilizations as Seen in “The Travelogue of Italy”]. Chinese Journal of Sociology 39(3): 1–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang M. (2019) Shengping zhi jing: cong “Yidali youji” Kang Youwei Ouya wenming lun [The Ambit of Flourishing Peace: Kang Youwei’s Perspective of Eurasian Civilizations as Seen in “The Travelogue of Italy”]. Chinese Journal of Sociology 39(3): 1–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
