comparativepoliticsСравнительная политикаComparative Politics Russia2221-32792412-4990Издательская группа «Юрист»10.18611/2221-3279-2012-3-2(8)-4-29comparativepolitics-146Research ArticleСРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ И ИНСТИТУТОВCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS AND INSTITUTIONSРЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЕ ЭЛИТЫREVOLUTIONARY ELITESХиглиД.HigleyJohn

доктор политических наук, профессор, директор, руководитель Комитета по изучению политических элит Международной ассоциации политических исследований

Центра изучения Австралии и Новой Зеландии Университета Техаса, ОстинUnited States20121007201532(8)429Copyright © Хигли Д., 20152015Хигли Д.Higley J.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/146

Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются предпосылки, черты, процессы и итоги революций в контексте политических элит и исследуется возникновение и развитие правящих элит, сформированных революцией, — революционных элит. Автор утверждает, что обязательными условиями революций являются сильный политический кризис, фрагментация элиты и преобладание рабочей силы, способной осуществить эгалитаристскую революцию в доиндустриальных обществах и антиэгалитаристскую революцию — в индустриальных. Примеры двух революционных сценариев иллюстрируют теорию возникновения революционных элит. Первый сценарий меняет конфигурацию элит, но не приводит к полной трансформации элит, их моделей поведения и возникновению революционной элиты (Англия, Франция, Мексика). Во втором сценарии революция меняет природу политической элиты и формирует новые революционные элиты (Россия, Германия, Италия). По мнению автора, революционные элиты появляются в условиях выраженного множественного суверенитета и наличия убедительной и разработанной идеологии.

Abstract: The article analyzes preconditions, characteristics, processes and outcomes of revolutions through the lens of political elite theory with the aim to study the revolutionary elites formation and development. The article states that the necessary preconditions of revolutions include a severe political crisis, the elite fragmentation and disunity and the predominance of labor force capable of launching an egalitarian revolution in preindustrial societies and an egalitarian revolution in industrial ones. The theory of revolutionary elite formation is illustrated using two revolutionary scenarios. The first scenario changes elite configuration, but leads neither to a complete transformation of elites and their behavioral models nor to the formation of revolutionary elite (England, France, Mexico). The second revolutionary scenario transforms the political elite nature and forms a new revolutionary elite (Russia, Germany, Italy). Findings suggest that revolutionary elite formation results from a combination of multiple sovereignty and an elaborate and guiding ideology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.