<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">comparativepolitics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сравнительная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Politics Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-3279</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-4990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательская группа «Юрист»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24411/2221-3279-2021-10015</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">comparativepolitics-1351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ГЕОПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND GEOPOLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы, влияющие на уровень доверия общества политическим партиям в странах Европейского Союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors Affecting the Level of Public Confidence of Political Parties in the European Union</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Ф. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>F. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгих Федор Игоревич - кандидат исторических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой фундаментальных юридических и социально-гуманитарных дисциплин.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fefor I. Dolgikh – Candidate of History, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Social-humanitarian Disciplines, Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fdolgih@synergy.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Негосударственное образовательное частное учреждение высшего образования Московский финансово-промышленный университет «Синергия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow financial and industrial University “Synergy”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгих Ф.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгих Ф.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgikh F.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1351">https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1351</self-uri><abstract><p>Со второй половины XX в. политические партии как социально-политический институт оказались в состоянии глобального кризиса, проявлениями которого стали снижение численности их членов и падение уровня доверия им. Целью исследования является анализ факторов, влияющих на уровень доверия политическим партиям в странах Европейского Союза, задачами - выявление данных факторов и определение наличия корреляции между ними и уровнем доверия политическим партиям. В рамках настоящего исследования в качестве показателей, коррелирующих с уровнем доверия партиям в общеевропейском масштабе, рассматриваются уровень доверия национальному правительству, национальному парламенту, а также уровень экономического развития.</p><p>Исследование опирается на сравнительный и статистический методы. Источником анализа являются данные социологических опросов о доверии политическим партиям, публикуемые на официальном сайте Европейской комиссии по итогам опросов населения в рамках исследования «Евробарометр» за период с 2000 г. по настоящее время. В качестве зависимой переменной выступает уровень доверия политическим партиям, определяемый в процентах от числа респондентов, доверяющих данному социальному институту.</p><p>Проведенный анализ позволяет утверждать, что наиболее низкий уровень доверия политическим партиям характерен для стран, которые имеют низкий уровень доверия национальным правительству и парламенту, а также для государств, где длительное время существовали недемократические режимы. Также уровень доверия политическим партиям коррелирует с уровнем экономического развития, но степень его корреляции ниже по сравнению с другими рассмотренными показателями. Уровень доверия политическим партиям ниже среднеевропейского характерен главным образом для стран, сравнительно недавно ставших на путь демократии -Прибалтики, Восточной и Южной Европы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the second half of the XX century, political parties as a socio-political institution were in a state of global crisis, the manifestations of which were the decline in the number of their members and the fall in the level of trust in them. The study aims to analyze the factors affecting the level of trust in political parties in the European Union; the objective -to identify these factors and determine the correlation between them and the level of trust in political parties. In this study, the level of confidence in the national government, the national Parliament, regional and local authorities, as well as levels of economic development and corruption, are considered as indicators correlating with the level of confidence in parties on a pan-European scale.</p><p>The study is based on comparative and statistical methods. The source of the analysis is the data of sociological surveys on trust in political parties published on the official website of the European Commission on the results of population surveys in the framework of the “Eurobarometer” study for the period from 2000 to the present. The dependent variable is the level of trust in political parties, determined as a percentage of the number of respondents who trust this social institution.</p><p>The analysis suggests that the lowest level of trust in political parties is typical for countries that have a low level of trust in the national government and Parliament, regional and local authorities, as well as for states where non-democratic regimes have existed for a long time. In addition, the level of trust in political parties correlates with the level of corruption in General and corruption of political parties in particular, and with the level of economic development, but the degree of their correlation is lower compared to other indicators considered. The level of trust in political parties below the Central European level is typical mainly for countries that have recently embarked on the path of democracy - the Baltic States, Eastern and Southern Europe.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>доверие</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>правительство</kwd><kwd>парламент</kwd><kwd>уровень экономического развития</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>trust</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>government</kwd><kwd>Parliament</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>regional and local authorities</kwd><kwd>level of economic development</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демидова О.А. Моделирование доверия населения к основным социальным и политическим институтам : сравнительный эконометрический анализ // Прикладная эконометрика. 2011. № 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Audickas, L.; Dempsey, N.; Keen, R. Membership of UK Political Parties. House of Commons Library. London, 2018. Mode of access: https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN05125.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каширских О.Н. Политические партии Германии в контексте модернизации политической коммуникации // Полис. Политические исследования. 2009. № 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carlin, R.E. What's not to Trust? Rubrics of Political Party Trustworthiness in Chile and Argentina // Party Politics, 2011, Vol. 20, No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кененова И.П. Реформы избирательных систем как вестники обновления политических тенденций // Конституционное и муниципальное право. 2018. № 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demidova, O.A. Modelirovanie doverija naselenija k osnovnym social'nym i politicheskim institutam: sravnitel'nyj jekonometricheskij analiz (Modeling Public Confidence in Major Social and Political Institutions: a Comparative Econometric Analysis) // Prikladnaja jekonometrika, 2011, No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козырева П.М., Смирнов А.И. Кризис многопартийности в России// Полис. Политические исследования. 2014. № 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easton, D. A Systems Analysis of Political Life. Chicago/London 1965. 507 p.; Hooghe, M. Why There is Basically Only One Form of Political Trust // The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2011, No. 13(2), pp. 269-275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркова Е.Н. Свод рекомендуемых норм в сфере политических партий: аналитический обзор стандарта Венецианской комиссии Совета Европы // Конституционное и муниципальное право. 2009. № 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher, J.; Denver, D.; Hands, G. Party Membership and Campaign Activity in Britain: The Impact of Electoral Performance // Party Politics, 2006, Vol.12, No. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перегудов С.П. Партии и группы интересов: к новой модели взаимодействия // Полис. Политические исследования. 2014. № 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henkin, S.M. Partijno-politicheskaja sistema Ispanii na pereput'e (Spain's Party-political System at a Crossroads) // Mirovaja jekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, 2017, Vol. 61, No. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сгро Ф., Никитина В.М. Финансирование выборов и политических партий в Италии // Конституционное и муниципальное право. 2017. № 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henkin, S.M. Problemy konsolidirovannoj demo-kratii v sravnitel'no-istoricheskom kontekste (Problems of Consolidated Democracy in a Comparative Historical Context) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2018, Vol. 9, No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хенкин С.М. Партийно-политическая система Испании на перепутье // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2017. Т. 61. № 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hooghe, M.; Oser, J. Partisan Strength, Political Trust and Generalized Trust in the United States: An Analysis of the General Social Survey, 1972-2014 // Social Science Research, 2017, Iss. 68, pp. 132-146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хенкин С.М. Проблемы консолидированной демократии в сравнительно-историческом контексте // Сравнительная политика. 2018. Т. 9. № 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashirskih, O.N. Politicheskie partii Germanii v kontekste modernizacii politicheskoj kommunikacii (German Political Parties in the Context of the Modernization of Political Communication) // Polis. Politicheskie issledovanija, 2009, No. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шибкова М.О. Идеологический и стратегический евроскептицизм в политической жизни Евросоюза // Сравнительная политика. 2016. № 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kenenova, I.P. Reformy izbiratel'nyh sistem kak vestniki obnovlenija politicheskih tendencij (Electoral System Reforms as Messengers of Renewed Political Trends) // Konstitucionnoe i municipal'noe pravo, 2018, No. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Audickas, L.; Dempsey, N.; Keen, R. Membership of UK Political Parties. House of Commons Library. London, 2018. Mode of access: https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN05125.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolln, A-K. Party Decline and Response: the Effects of Membership Decline on Party Organisations in Western Europe, 1960-2010. Enschede: University of Twente, 2014. 237 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carlin, R.E. What's not to Trust? Rubrics of Political Party Trustworthiness in Chile and Argentina // Party Politics, 2011, Vol. 20, No. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozyreva, P.M.; Smirnov, A.I. Krizis mnogopartijnosti v Rossii (The Crisis of a Multiparty System in Russia) // Polis. Politicheskie issledovanija, 2014, No. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Easton, D. A Systems Analysis of Political Life. Chicago/London 1965. 507 p.; Hooghe, M. Why There is Basically Only One Form of Political Trust // The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2011, No. 13(2), pp. 269-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ledgerwood, E. Conservative Party Members: Speaking of Membership. MA Dissertation. Institute for Historical Research, University of London, 2014. Mode of access: https://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/5837/1/Emmeline%20Ledgerwood%20-%20Conservative%20Party%20members%20-%20speaking%20of%20membership%20(online%20version).pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher, J.; Denver, D.; Hands, G. Party Membership and Campaign Activity in Britain: The Impact of Electoral Performance // Party Politics, 2006, Vol. 12, No. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova, E.N. Svod rekomenduemyh norm v sfere politicheskih partij: analiticheskij obzor standarta Venecianskoj komissii Soveta Evropy (Code of Recommended Norms in the Field of Political Parties: an Analytical Review of the Standard of the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe) // Konstitucionnoe i municipal'noe pravo, 2009, No. 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hooghe, M.; Oser, J. Partisan Strength, Political Trust and Generalized Trust in the United States: An Analysis of the General Social Survey, 1972-2014 // Social Science Research, 2017, Iss. 68, pp. 132-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peregudov, S.P. Partii i gruppy interesov: k novoj modeli vzaimodejstvija (Parties and Interest Groups: towards a New Interaction Model) // Polis. Politicheskie issledovanija, 2014, No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolln, A-K. Party Decline and Response: the Effects of Membership Decline on Party Organisations in Western Europe, 1960-2010. Enschede: University of Twente, 2014. 237 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Repousis, S. Politicians, Political Parties' Funding in Greece and Anti-money Laundering Regulatory Framework // Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2014, Vol. 17, № 1, pp. 110-120. Mode of access: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263210348_Politicians_political_parties'_funding_in_Greece_and_anti-money_laundering_regulatory_framework</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ledgerwood, E. Conservative Party Members: Speaking of Membership. MA Dissertation. Institute for Historical Research, University of London, 2014. Mode of access: https://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/5837/1/Emmeline%20Ledgerwood%20-%20Conservative%20Party%20members%20-%20speaking%20of%20membership%20(online%20version).pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarrow, S. Beyond Party Members. Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization. Oxford, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Repousis, S. Politicians, Political Parties' Funding in Greece and Anti-money Laundering Regulatory Framework // Journal of Money Laundering Control, 2014, Vol. 17, № 1, pp. 110-120. Mode of access: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263210348_Politicians_political_parties'_funding_in_Greece_and_anti-money_laundering_regulatory_framework</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sgro, F.; Nikitina, V.M. Finansirovanie vyborov i politicheskih partij v Italii (Financing Elections and Political Parties in Italy) // Konstitucionnoe i municipal'noe pravo, 2017, No. 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarrow, S. Beyond Party Members. Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization. Oxford, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shibkova, M.O. Ideologicheskij i strategicheskij evroskepticizm v politicheskoj zhizni Evrosojuza (Ideological and Strategic Euroskepticism in the Political Life of the European Union) // Comparative Politics Russia, 2016, No. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojarova, V; Sedo, J.; Kopecek, L.; Chytilek, R. Political Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. In Search of Consolidation Central and Eastern Europe. Regional Report. Based on Research and Dialogue with Political Parties. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. 2007. Mode of access: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/22488626/political-parties-in-central-and-eastern-europepdf/3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojarova, V; Sedo, J.; Kopec ek, L.; Chytilek, R. Political Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. In Search of Consolidation Central and Eastern Europe. Regional Report. Based on Research and Dialogue with Political Parties. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. 2007. Mode of access: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/22488626/political-parties-in-central-and-eastern-europepdf/3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">vanBiezen, I.; Mair, P; Poguntke, T. Going, Going... Gone? The Decline of Party Membership in Contemporary Europe // European Journal of Political Research, 2012, Vol. 51, No. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">vanBiezen, I.; Mair, P; Poguntke, T. Going, Going... Gone? The Decline of Party Membership in Contemporary Europe // European Journal of Political Research, 2012, Vol. 51, No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
