comparativepoliticsСравнительная политикаComparative Politics Russia2221-32792412-4990Издательская группа «Юрист»10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10033comparativepolitics-1154Research ArticleСРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ И ИНСТИТУТОВCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS AND INSTITUTIONSНАПРЯЖЕННОСТЬ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ ОСНОВА ДЛЯ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙTENSIONS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR COMPARATIVE RESEARCHПесцовC. К.PestsovS. K.

Сергей Константинович Песцов 

руководитель Отдела международных отношений и региональной безопасности, Центр Азиатско-Тихоокеанских исследований

Sergey K. Pestsov, Head of the Department of International Relations and Regional Security, Center for Asia-Pacifi c Studies

ВолынчукА. Б.VolynchukA. B.

Андрей Борисович Волынчук 

ведущий научный сотрудник Центра Азиатско-Тихоокеанских исследований

Andrey B. Volynchuk, Senior Researcher, Center for Asia-Pacifi c Studies

Институт истории, археологии и этнографии народов Дальнего Востока ДВО РАНРоссияInstitute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far-East, Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202030052020113СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА ОТВЕТОВ НА ВНЕШНИЕ И ВНУТРЕННИЕ ВЫЗОВЫ1224Copyright © Песцов C.К., Волынчук А.Б., 20202020Песцов C.К., Волынчук А.Б.Pestsov S.K., Volynchuk A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sravpol.ru/jour/article/view/1154

Статья посвящена исследованию проблемы теоретической интерпретации концепта напряженности как необходимого предварительного условия его операционализации и превращения в инструмент прикладного компаративного анализа. Рост напряженности в разных регионах и типах правительств, внутри и между странами является отражением глубоких перемен, которые переживает современный мир. Вместе с тем, число попыток серьезного научного его осмысления и концептуализации, а также операционализации и измерения, остается крайне ограниченным. В первой части статьи представлен краткий обзор предшествующих исследований феномена напряженности в контексте мировой политики и международных отношений. Вторая часть посвящена концептуальному анализу феномена напряженности как особого динамического состояния, присутствующего не только в отношениях конкуренции (война), но и в отношениях сотрудничества (мир), и который, таким образом, выступает более распространенной разновидностью состояния межгосударственных взаимодействий.

The article is devoted to the theoretical interpretation of the concept of “tension” as a necessary prerequisite for its operationalization and transformation into a tool for applied comparative analysis. The increase of tensions in different regions and types of government, within and between countries is a refl ection of the profound changes that the modern world is undergoing. At the same time, the number of attempts at serious scientifi c understanding and conceptualization, as well as operationalization and measurement, remains extremely limited. The fi rst part of the article presents a brief review of previous studies on the phenomenon of “tension” in the context of world politics and international relations. The second part is devoted to a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of “tension” as a special dynamic state that is present not only in competition (war) relations, but also in cooperation (peace) relations, and which, therefore, is a more common type of interstate interactions.

напряженностьмировая политикамеждународная конкуренциямеждународное сотрудничествовойнаконфликтмирпартнерствосравнительный анализtensionworld politicsinternational competitioninternational cooperationwarconfl ictpeacepartnershipcomparative analysisReferencesАнцулов А.Я., Шипилов А.И. Конфликтология. М.: ЮНИТИ, 2000.Antsulov, A.Ia.; Shipilov, A.I. Konfl iktologiia (Confl ictology). Moscow: IuNITI, 1999.Рабуш Т.В. Эволюция идеологической составляющей в советско-американском противоборстве в региональных вооруженных конфликтах (1970-1980-е годы) // Вестник СПбГУ. Политология. Международные отношения. Т. 10. Вып. 1. С. 75-85.Buchanan, W. Stereotypes and Tensions as Revealed by UNESCO International Poll // International Sociological Science Bulletin, 1951, Vol. 3, No. 3.Цыганков П.А. Политическая социология международных отношений. М.: Радикс, 1994.Cantril, H. Tensions That Cause Wars. Urbana: University Illinois Press, 1951;Buchanan, W. Stereotypes and Tensions as Revealed by UNESCO International Poll // International Sociological Science Bulletin, 1951, Vol. 3, No. 3.Krech, D.; Crutchfi eld, R.S. Theory and Problems of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill, 1948.Cantril, H. Tensions That Cause Wars. Urbana: University Illinois Press, 1951;Davis, Christina L.; Meunier, Sophie. Business as Usual? Economic Responses to Political Tensions // American Journal of Political Science, 2011, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 628-646.Krech, D.; Crutchfi eld, R.S. Theory and Problems of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill, 1948.Goldmann, Kjell. Cooperation and Tension Among Great Powers: A Research Note // Cooperation and Confl ict, 1980, Vol. 15, Iss. 1, pp. 31-45.Davis, Christina L.; Meunier, Sophie. Business as Usual? Economic Responses to Political Tensions // American Journal of Political Science, 2011, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 628-646.Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza; Ghorbaninejad, Rebaz; Ahmadipour, Zahra; Ghavam, Abdolali. Tension and Confl ict Theories between Countries: Review, Critique and Presenting a Theoretical Model // Geopolitics Quarterly, 2014, Vol. 9, No. 4.Goldmann, Kjell. Cooperation and Tension Among Great Powers: A Research Note // Cooperation and Confl ict, 1980, Vol. 15, Iss. 1, pp. 31-45.Hensel, Paul R. An Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Interstate Rivalry // Forthcoming in Confl ict Management and Peace Science, 1999, Vol. 17, No. 2.Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza; Ghorbaninejad, Rebaz; Ahmadipour, Zahra; Ghavam, Abdolali. Tension and Confl ict Theories between Countries: Review, Critique and Presenting a Theoretical Model // Geopolitics Quarterly, 2014, Vol. 9, No. 4.Holsti, K.J. The Use of Objective Criteria for the Measurement of International Tension Levels // Background, 1963, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 77-95.Hensel, Paul R. An Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Interstate Rivalry // Forthcoming in Confl ict Management and Peace Science, 1999, Vol. 17, No. 2.Holsti, O.R. The Belief System and National Images: A Case Study // Journal of Confl ict Resolution, 1962, Vol. 6, pp. 244-252.Holsti, K.J. The Use of Objective Criteria for the Measurement of International Tension Levels // Background, 1963, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 77-95.Introduction. The UNESCO Tensions Project. In: The Nature of Confl ict. Studies on the Sociological Aspects of International Tensions. Вy the International Sociological Association in collaboration with Jessie Bernardt, T.H. Pear, Raymond Aron, Robert C. Angell. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1957.Holsti, O.R. The Belief System and National Images: A Case Study // Journal of Confl ict Resolution, 1962, Vol. 6, pp. 244-252.Jessie, Bernard. Chapter 1. The Sociological Study of Confl ict. In: The Nature of Confl ict. Studies on the Sociological Aspects of International Tensions. Paris: United Nations Educational. Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1957.Introduction. The UNESCO Tensions Project. In: The Nature of Confl ict. Studies on the Sociological Aspects of International Tensions. Вy the International Sociological Association in collaboration with Jessie Bernardt, T.H. Pear, Raymond Aron, Robert C. Angell. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1957.Kalevi Jaakko Holsti. Peace and War: Armed Confl icts and International Order, 1648-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Jessie, Bernard. Chapter 1. The Sociological Study of Confl ict. In: The Nature of Confl ict. Studies on the Sociological Aspects of International Tensions. Paris: United Nations Educational. Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1957.Kaplan, Morton A. The International Arena as a Source of Disfunctional Tension // World Politics, 1954, Vol. 6, No. 4.Kalevi Jaakko Holsti. Peace and War: Armed Confl icts and International Order, 1648-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Klineber, O. Tensions Affecting International Understanding. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1950.Kaplan, Morton A. The International Arena as a Source of Disfunctional Tension // World Politics, 1954, Vol. 6, No. 4.Klingberg, F.L. Studies in Measurement of the Relations Among Sovereign States // Psychometrica, 1941, No. 6, pp. 335-352.Klineber, O. Tensions Affecting International Understanding. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1950.Krech, D.; Crutchfi eld, R.S. Theory and Problems of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill, 1948. Рр. 443-622.Klingberg, F.L. Studies in Measurement of the Relations Among Sovereign States // Psychometrica, 1941, No. 6, pp. 335-352.Leifer, M. The Foreign Relations of the New States. Australia. Longman, 1974.Krech, D.; Crutchfi eld, R.S. Theory and Problems of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill, 1948. Рр. 443-622.Pear, T.H. The Psychological Study of Tensions and Confl ict. In: The Nature of Confl ict. Studies on the Sociological Aspects of International Tensions. Paris: United Nations Educational. Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1957.Leifer, M. The Foreign Relations of the New States. Australia. Longman, 1974.Rabush, T.V. Jevoljucija ideologicheskoj sostavljajushhej v sovetsko-amerikanskom protivoborstve v regional’nyh vooruzhennyh konfl iktah (1970-1980-e gody) (The Evolution of the Ideological Component in the Soviet-American Confrontation in Regional Armed Confl icts (1970-1980’s)) // Vestnik SPbGU. Politologija. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 75-85.Pear, T.H. The Psychological Study of Tensions and Confl ict. In: The Nature of Confl ict. Studies on the Sociological Aspects of International Tensions. Paris: United Nations Educational. Scientifi c and Cultural Organization, 1957.Tsygankov, P.A. Politicheskaia sotsiologiia mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii (Political Sociology of International Relations). Moscow: Radiks, 1994.William, R. Thompson. Identifying Rivals and Rivalries in World Politics // International Studies Quarterly, 2001, Vol. 45, Iss. 4, pp. 557-586.William, R. Thompson. Identifying Rivals and Rivalries in World Politics // International Studies Quarterly, 2001, Vol. 45, Iss. 4, pp. 557-586.Wright, Q. The Nature of Confl ict // Western Political Quarterly, 1951, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 193-208.Wright, Q. The Nature of Confl ict // Western Political Quarterly, 1951, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 193-208.Wright, Q. The Peaceful Adjustment of International Relations: Problems and Research Approaches // Journal of Social Issues, 1955, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 3-12.Wright, Q. The Peaceful Adjustment of International Relations: Problems and Research Approaches // Journal of Social Issues, 1955, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 3-12.Zinnes, Dina A.; North, Robert C.; Koch, Howard E. Capability, Threat and the Outbreak of War. In: James N. Rosenau (ed.) International Politics and Foreign Policy. New York: Free Press, 1961. Pp. 469-482.Zinnes, Dina A.; North, Robert C.; Koch, Howard E. Capability, Threat and the Outbreak of War. In: James N. Rosenau (ed.) International Politics and Foreign Policy. New York: Free Press, 1961. Pp. 469-482.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.